AskDefine | Define peace

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Dictionary Definition

peace

Noun

1 the state prevailing during the absence of war [ant: war]
2 harmonious relations; freedom from disputes; "the roommates lived in peace together"
3 the absence of mental stress or anxiety [syn: peacefulness, peace of mind, repose, serenity, heartsease, ataraxis]
4 the general security of public places; "he was arrested for disturbing the peace" [syn: public security]
5 a treaty to cease hostilities; "peace came on November 11th" [syn: peace treaty, pacification]

User Contributed Dictionary

English

Etymology

, from pais, compare French paix

Pronunciation

Homophones

Noun

  1. A state of tranquility, quiet, and harmony, e.g., a state free from civil disturbance.
  2. A state free of oppressive and unpleasant thoughts and emotions.
    That will give me some peace of mind.
  3. Harmony in personal relations.
  4. A state free of war, in particular war between different countries.

Antonyms

Related terms

Translations

tranquility, quiet, harmony
state of mind
personal relations
no war

Extensive Definition

''For other uses, see Peace (disambiguation).
Peace can be a state of harmony or the absence of hostility. "Peace" can also be a non-violent way of life. "Peace" is used to describe the cessation of violent conflict. Peace can mean a state of quiet or tranquility — an absence of disturbance or agitation. Peace can also describe a relationship between any people characterized by respect, justice, and goodwill. Peace can describe calmness, serenity, and silence. This latter understanding of peace can also pertain to an individual's sense of himself or herself, as to be "at peace" with one's own mind.

Nobel Peace Prize

The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually to notable peacemakers and visionaries who have overcome violence, conflict or oppression through their moral leadership, those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between the nations". The prize has often met with controversy, as it is occasionally awarded to people who have formerly sponsored war and violence but who have, through exceptional concessions, helped achieve peace.

Understandings of peace

Many different theories of "peace" exist in the world of peace studies, which involves the study of conflict resolution, disarmament, and cessation of violence. http://www.einaudi.cornell.edu/peaceprogram/ The definition of "peace" can vary with religion, culture, or subject of study.

Peace as the presence of justice

Mahatma Gandhi suggested that if an oppressive society lacks violence, the society is nonetheless not peaceful, because of the injustice of the oppression. Gandhi articulated a vision of peace in which justice is an inherent and necessary aspect; that peace requires not only the absence of violence but also the presence of justice. Galtung described this peace, peace with justice, as "positive peace," because hostility and further violence could no longer flourish in this environment.
During the 1950s and 60s, when Martin Luther King Jr. and the civil rights movement carried out various non-violent activities aimed at ending segregation and racial persecution in America, they understood peace as more than just the absence of violence. They observed that while there was not open combat between blacks and whites, there was an unjust system in place in which the government deprived African Americans of equal rights. While some opponents criticized the activists for "disturbing the peace", Martin Luther King observed that "True peace is not merely the absence of tension: it is the presence of justice."
Galtung coined the term structural violence to refer to such situations, which although not violent on the surface, harbor systematic oppression and injustice.

Peace and development

One concept or idea that often complements peace studies is development. Economic, cultural, and political development can supposedly take "underdeveloped" nations and peoples out of poverty, thus helping bring about a more peaceful world. As such, many international development agencies carry out projects funded by the governments of industrialized countries, mostly the western, designed to "modernize" poor countries.
The concept of peace has been linked to the wide idea of development, assuming that development is not the classical pursuit of wealth. Peaceful development can be a set of many different elements such as good governance, healthcare, education, gender equality, disaster preparedness, infrastructure, economics, rule of law, human rights, environment and other political issues. The measuring of development uses not only GDP but also numerous measures such as:
In this frame, the problem of peace fully involves the complex matter of human development, what explains the complexity of any peace-building processus.

Democratic peace

Proponents of the democratic peace theory argue that strong empirical evidence exists that democracies never or rarely make war against each other. An increasing number of nations have become democratic since the industrial revolution, and thus, they claim world peace may become possible if this trend continues.

Plural peaces

Following Wolfgang Dietrich, Wolfgang Sützl, and the Innsbruck School of Peace Studies, some "peace thinkers" have abandoned any single and all-encompassing definition of peace. Rather, they promote the idea of many peaces. They argue that since no singular, correct definition of peace can exist, peace should be perceived as a plurality.
For example, in the Great Lakes region of Africa, the word for peace is kindoki, which refers to a harmonious balance between human beings, the rest of the natural world, and the cosmos. This vision is a much broader view of peace than a mere "absence of war" or even a "presence of justice" standard.
These thinkers also critique the idea of peace as a hopeful or eventual end. They recognize that peace does not necessarily have to be something humans might achieve "some day." They contend that peace exists in the present, we can create and expand it in small ways in our everyday lives, and peace changes constantly. This view makes peace permeable and imperfect rather than static and utopian.
Such a view is influenced by postmodernism.

Inner peace

One meaning of peace refers to inner peace, a state of mind, body and mostly soul, a peace within ourselves. People that experience inner peace say that the feeling is not dependent on time, people, place, or any external object or situation, asserting that an individual may experience inner peace even in the midst of war. One of the oldest writings on this subject is the Bhagavad Gita, a part of India's Vedic scriptures.
Sevi Regis describes inner peace as, "the state or condition of restfulness, harmony, balance, equilibrium, longevity, justice, resolution, timelessness, contentment, freedom, and fulfillment, either individually or simultaneously present, in such a way that it overcomes, demolishes, banishes, and/or replaces everything that opposes it."

Nonviolence and pacifism

Mahatma Gandhi's conception of peace was not as an end, but as a means: "There is no way to peace; peace is the way." Gandhi envisioned nonviolence as a way to make a political statement.Judeo-Christian tradition declares "Thou shalt not kill," although there is no consensus on the most accurate interpretation.
Followers of some religions, such as Jainism, go to great lengths to avoid harming any living creatures, including insects. Pacifists, such as Christian anarchists, perceive any incarnation of violence as self-perpetuating. Other groups take a wide variety of stances, many maintaining a Just War theory.

Peace organizations

  • American Friends Service Committee: religious Society of Friends (Quaker) affiliated organization which works for social justice, peace and reconciliation, abolition of the death penalty, and human rights, and provides humanitarian relief.
  • Amnesty International
  • Nonviolent Peaceforce: International NGO engaged in the creation of a large-scale international unarmed peacekeeping force, composed of trained civilians.
  • Pax Christi International: Lay Catholic peace movement
  • Peace Coup: Peace community and social network.
  • Peaceworkers UK: British NGO providing training for potential peaceworkers in nonviolent, civilian techniques of conflict transformation.
  • Seeds of Peace develops and empowers young leaders from regions of conflict to work toward peace through coexistence
  • Spirit of the Sword: a youth initiative active in Wellington, New Zealand between c.1977-1990
  • World Peace Council: International Organization for the struggle for peace.
  • Ulster Project International: International peace-project involving Protestant and Catholic teenagers from Northern Ireland and America.
  • Peacekeeping: personnel units of the United Nations deployed as a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace.
  • The Peace Alliance: A grassroots lobbying organization working to build a culture of peace in the United States through legislation to create a cabinet-level U.S. Department of Peace and Nonviolence.

See also

Notes

References

  1. Letter from Birmingham Jail by Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr..
  2. "Pennsylvania, A History of the Commonwealth," esp. pg. 109, edited by Randall M. Miller and William Pencak, The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002.
  3. Peaceful Societies, Alternatives to Violence and War Short profiles on 25 peaceful societies.
  1. The Path to Peace, by Laure Paquette

External links

sisterlinks Peace
peace in Afrikaans: Vrede
peace in Arabic: سلام
peace in Bosnian: Mir (stanje)
peace in Bulgarian: Мир
peace in Catalan: Pau
peace in Czech: Mír
peace in Welsh: Heddwch
peace in Danish: Fred
peace in Pennsylvania German: Fridde
peace in German: Frieden
peace in Estonian: Rahu
peace in Spanish: Paz
peace in Esperanto: Paco
peace in Basque: Bake
peace in French: Paix
peace in Friulian: Pâs
peace in Galician: Paz
peace in Korean: 평화
peace in Croatian: Mir
peace in Indonesian: Damai
peace in Icelandic: Friður
peace in Italian: Pace
peace in Hebrew: שלום
peace in Georgian: მშვიდობა
peace in Latin: Pax
peace in Lithuanian: Taika
peace in Hungarian: Béke
peace in Dutch: Vrede
peace in Japanese: 平和
peace in Norwegian: Fred
peace in Norwegian Nynorsk: Fred
peace in Polish: Pokój (polityka)
peace in Portuguese: Paz
peace in Tahitian: Pau
peace in Quechua: Thak
peace in Russian: Мир (отсутствие войны)
peace in Albanian: Paqja
peace in Sicilian: Paci
peace in Sinhala: සාමය
peace in Simple English: Peace
peace in Slovak: Mier
peace in Serbian: Мир
peace in Serbo-Croatian: Mir
peace in Finnish: Rauha
peace in Swedish: Fred
peace in Vietnamese: Hòa bình
peace in Tajik: Сулҳ
peace in Cherokee: ᏅᏩᏙ ᎯᏯᏛ
peace in Turkish: Barış
peace in Ukrainian: Мир
peace in Walloon: Påye
peace in Yiddish: פרידן
peace in Chinese: 和平

Synonyms, Antonyms and Related Words

Pax Dei, Pax Romana, Peace of God, accord, accordance, affinity, agape, agreement, amity, armistice, arrangement, array, assent, ataraxia, ataraxy, awful silence, bonds of harmony, breathing spell, brotherly love, buffer zone, calm, calmness, caritas, cease-fire, cement of friendship, charity, chorus, coherence, coincidence, commodiousness, communion, community, community of interests, compatibility, composure, concert, concord, concordance, conformance, conformation, conformity, congeniality, congruence, congruency, congruity, consistency, consonance, consort, contemplation, convenience, cooling-off period, cooperation, correspondence, coziness, cushioniness, dead, dead of night, deathlike silence, demilitarized zone, deployment, disposal, disposition, easiness, empathy, equivalence, esprit, esprit de corps, feeling of identity, fellow feeling, fellowship, formation, frictionlessness, friendliness, golden silence, good vibes, good vibrations, happy family, harmoniousness, harmony, hollow truce, homelikeness, homeliness, homeyness, hospitality, hush, hush of night, identity, imperturbability, inaudibility, intersection, kinship, layout, like-mindedness, lineup, love, lucid stillness, lull, luxuriousness, marmoreal repose, marshaling, modus vivendi, mum, mutuality, neutral territory, nirvana, noiselessness, oneness, order, organization, overlap, pacification, parallelism, pax in bello, peace of mind, peaceableness, peacefulness, peacetime, placidity, placidness, proportion, quiescence, quiescency, quiet, quietism, quietness, quietude, rapport, rapprochement, reciprocity, regularity, repose, reposefulness, rest, restfulness, roominess, routine, satori, self-consistency, serenity, setup, sharing, silence, silentness, silken repose, sleep, slumber, snugness, softness, solemn silence, solidarity, soundlessness, stand-down, still, stillness, structure, suspension of hostilities, symmetry, sympathy, symphony, sync, synchronism, system, tacitness, taciturnity, tally, team spirit, temporary arrangement, timing, tomblike silence, tranquillity, treaty of peace, truce, understanding, uniformity, union, unison, unisonance, unity, warmness, whisht, wise passiveness
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