microdot n : photograph reduced to the size of a dot (usually for purposes of security)

English

Noun

1. A photographic image that has been reduced in size to that of a dot (typically around 1mm in size and circular) in order to escape detection. .

References

A microdot is text or an image substantially reduced in size onto a 1mm disc to prevent detection by unintended recipients. Microdots are normally circular around one millimetre in diameter but can be made into different shapes and sizes and made from various materials such as polyester. The name comes from the fact that the microdots have often been about the size and shape of a typographical dot, such as a period or the tittle of a lowercase i or j. It is, fundamentally, a steganographic approach to message protection.

History

In 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War, Paris was under siege and messages were sent by carrier pigeon. A Parisian photographer named Dagron used a photographic shrinking technique to permit each pigeon to carry a high volume of messages, as pigeons have a quite restricted payload capacity. However, the images were not as small as modern microdots.

An actual microdot technique was used for steganographic purposes in Germany between World War I and World War II. It was also later used by many countries to pass messages through insecure postal channels. Later microdot techniques used film with aniline dye, rather than silver halide layers, as this was even harder for counter-espionage agents to find. A Professor Zapp in Germany is claimed to have been the inventor of the technique, and a WWII spy kit for microdot production was sometimes called a Zapp outfit. However, Emanuel Goldberg is also alleged to have been the inventor of the modern technique , under which hypothesis Professor Zapp's connection would be a fiction. Like much in the history of espionage and subversion, there is controversy.

After the Berlin Wall was put up, special cameras were used to generate microdots which were then adhered to letters and sent via normal means. Owing to the extremely small size of microdots, these messages often went unnoticed by inspectors and information could then be read by the intended recipient using a microscope.

British mail censors sometimes referred to microdots as 'duff' since they were distributed here and there throughout letters rather like raisins in the British steamed suet pudding called spotted dick (or "plum duff").

Modern usage

Microdot Identification

Microdot identification is a process where tiny identification tags are etched or coded with a given vehicle's or assets VIN or serial number. Unique personal identification numbers (PIN) or customized customer data entries are also available. The microdots are brushed or sprayed onto the key parts of an asset to provide complete parts marking. The technology was developed in the United States in the 1990's before being commercialized by various manufacturers and distributors around the world.

World-wide, various governments, companies, and manufacturers have begun using microdot identification to protect their assets. World-wide the takeup of this product is less than 1% but growing in certain segments based upon the ease and availability of the technology. The microdots are a covert technology but can be read with a 60x magnifying scope. This covert parts-marking technology is aimed at detering thieves, particularly car thieves, who would have otherwise been able to rebirth vehicles as well as sell stolen vehicle parts as legitimate ones. Theft of vehicle parts in the US alone now exceeds $10bn.

List of currently known manufacturers utilising microdot technology

The following manufacturers use microdots in some of their vehicles, in some territories.

• Audi
• Avis in South Africa
• BMW in Australia
• Ford Performance Vehicles in Australia
• Holden Special Vehicles in Australia
• Isuzu in Asia
• MINI
• Mitsubishi Ralliart
• Porsche
• Subaru
• Techmashimport in Russia
• Toyota
• Nissan
• Volkswagen in Taiwan

Popular Culture

• A microdot was depicted in the motion picture Mission Impossible 3. In the movie, the microdot was hidden at the back of postage stamp and contained a magnetically stored video file.
• In Superman #655 (Vol. 1, Sep. 2006), Clark Kent uses various microdots implanted throughout a suspense novel to read not only the novel but also numerous other works on various topics. The microdots were used here to further explore Superman's newly-enhanced mental capabilities.
• In You Only Live Twice, Tiger tells James Bond that his men found a microdot on a captured SPECTRE photograph, which he enlarges for Bond.
• A microdot was also depicted in the movie Arabesque 1966 with Gregory Peck, Sophia Loren. In the movie, the microdot was hidden in the eye of a goose on a parchment of hieroglyph.

See also

• Nanolithography
• Steganography
• V-mail
• Microprinting
• Printer steganography

References

White, William. The Microdot: History and Application. Williamstown, NJ: Phillips Publications, 1992.

External links

• DataDot Technology USA, Inc.
• Microdot photography
• DataDot Technology
• SELECTADNA microdot photo
• Dot-Guard International
• MicroTrace
• Metallic Security

bulletin board, card, catalog card, disc, file, filing card, film, index card, library catalog, magnetic tape, microcard, microfiche, microfilm, motion-picture film, phonograph record, platter, scoreboard, scorecard, scoresheet, slip, tape, ticker tape, videotape