hyperbole n : extravagant exaggeration [syn: exaggeration]

English

Etymology

From hyperbole < (huperbolē) "excess, exaggeration < (huper) "above" + (ballō) "I throw".

Pronunciation

• /haɪ'pɜ:bəli/

Noun

1. extreme exaggeration or overstatement; especially as a literary or rhetorical device.
2. deliberate exaggeration
3. an instance or example of this technique
4. a hyperbola

Usage notes

• When used as a literary device, hyperbole is an exaggeration that, while not intended to be taken literally, still describes a situation or image that is at least feasible or possible. Exaggeration that is considered impossible is called adynaton.

  Examples: "I have been waiting for hours for the end of your 'short' coffee break." is a hyperbole while "I have been waiting for ages for the end of your 'short' coffee break." is an adynaton.

• This distinction is not always observed, even in textbooks.

Quotations

• 1602 — William Shakespeare, Troilus and Cressida i 3

  ...and when he speaks'Tis like a chime a-mending; with terms unsquar'd,Which, from the tongue of roaring Typhon dropp'd,Would seem hyperboles.

• 1837 — Nathaniel Hawthorne, Legends of the Province House

  The great staircase, however, may be termed, without much hyperbole, a feature of grandeur and magnificence.

• 1841 — James Fenimore Cooper, The Deerslayer, ch. 28

  "Nay - nay - good Sumach," interrupted Deerslayer, whose love of truth was too indomitable to listen to such hyperbole with patience.

• 1843 — Thomas Babington Macaulay, The Gates of Somnauth

  The honourable gentleman forces us to hear a good deal of this detestable rhetoric; and then he asks why, if the secretaries of the Nizam and the King of Oude use all these tropes and hyperboles, Lord Ellenborough should not indulge in the same sort of eloquence?

• c.1910 — Theodore Roosevelt, Productive Scholarship

  Of course the hymn has come to us from somewhere else, but I do not know from where; and the average native of our village firmly believes that it is indigenous to our own soil—which it can not be, unless it deals in hyperbole, for the nearest approach to a river in our neighborhood is the village pond.

• 2001 - Tom Bentley, Daniel Stedman Jones, The Moral Universe

  The perennial problem, especially for the BBC, has been to reconcile the hyperbole-driven agenda of newspapers with the requirement of balance, which is crucial to the public service remit.

Antonyms

• meiosis

Derived terms

• hyperbolic

Related terms

• hyperbola

Translations

French

Etymology

From hyperbole < (huperbolē) "excess, exaggeration < (huper) "above" + (ballō) "I throw".

Pronunciation

• /ipɛʀbɔl/

Noun

hyperbole

1. hyperbole
2. hyperbola

Latin

Etymology

From (huperbolē) "excess, exaggeration < (huper) "above" + (ballō) "I throw".

Pronunciation

• /hʏˈpɛːrbɔleː/

Noun

1. exaggeration; hyperbole

Inflection

italbrac Greek pattern

Hyperbole ( hye-PER-buh-lee; "HYE-per-bowl" is a mispronunciation) comes from Greek "υπερβολή"=exaggeration and is a figure of speech in which statements are exaggerated. It may be used to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impression, and is not meant to be taken literally.

Hyperbole is used to create emphasis. It is a literary device often used in poetry, and is frequently encountered in casual speech.

Some examples include: these books weigh a ton. (weigh a great deal) I could sleep for a year. (for a long time)

Antonyms to hyperbole include meiosis, litotes, understatement, and bathos (the 'let down' after a hyperbole in a phrase).

Derived from the Greek (literally 'overshooting' or 'excess'), it is a cognate of hyperbola.

See Also

• Adynaton
• Irony
• Litotes
• Metaphor
• Simile
• Zillion

External links

• A Glossary of Rhetorical Terms with Examples
• Audio illustrations of hyperbole as figure of speech

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